indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get mended; to be repaired; to return to normal; to recover (e.g. one's temper); to be corrected; to get put right; to come right
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
drying up; running dry; running out; being exhausted; being drained
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to settle down (and deal with something); to concentrate all one's energy (on something); to settle oneself (in a place); to settle down (somewhere); to take a solid stance; to lower one's center of gravity (centre)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to get tired of; to lose interest in; to be fed up with; to have enough
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
breath; breathing; tone; mood
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
secrecy; confidentiality; one's circumstances (esp. fiscal); kitchen
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
therefore; thus; well, then ...; that's right; indeed; (arch.) ... on earth?
even; even if; even though; because of; on the grounds that
big-shot; influential person; happy face; smiling face; sympathetic attitude; getting along with
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)