once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
union; combination; association; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
in order to do; for the purpose of doing; must; should
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
only; merely; but; no more than
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
common front; united front
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
meeting; assembly; association; conjunction
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
end; extremity; limit; result; outcome; upshot
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
shooting star; falling star; meteor; blaze (wide white stripe down the face of a horse)