indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
please (give me); please (do for me)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding