jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

10

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

7

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

6

be; is

6

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

5

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

5

and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...

5

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

4

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

4

why?; what for?; how?; by what means?

4

sea; ocean; waters

4

summer

4

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

3

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

3

to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen

3

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

3

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

3

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

3

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

2

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

2

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

2

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

2

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

2

in that way; thus; so; so?

2

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

2

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

2

if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so

2

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

2

also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise

2

to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry

2

suffix for familiar person

2

eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey

2

friend; companion

2

self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)

2

to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last

2

memories; recollections; reminiscence

2

designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at

2

summer vacation; summer holiday

2

junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school

2

bathing suit; swimsuit; swimmers

2

trip; excursion; outing

2

eye

2

bag; satchel; briefcase; basket

2

one summer

2

working on a day off

2

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

1

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

1

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

1

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

1