indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to (happen to) see; to notice; to catch sight of
secrecy; confidentiality; one's circumstances (esp. fiscal); kitchen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
name; given name; first name
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
suffix for familiar person
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which