this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
beyond this point; from now on; after this
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
letter; missive; note; mail
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to play an instrument (esp. string instruments); to dance
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
platform; home; home base; home plate
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sleeping in late; oversleeping; late riser; sleepyhead
consequence; outcome; result; blame
don't you think?; indicates question
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
after a long time; for the first time in a while
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)