previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
I; me; self-centered man; egotistical man; pompous man
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
just now; a moment ago; this very minute
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
fair and square; open and aboveboard
participation in a war; going to war; taking part in a competition or contest
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
command; control; commander
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
what; how; what (a) ...!; how ...!; surprisingly; to my amazement
trespassing; intrusion; to barge into; to burst into; to trespass
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate