indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
comical (story, song); comic; the comedy business (rakugo, manzai, etc.); something laughable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
transformation; variation; metamorphosis; modification; deformation; variety
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
two persons; two people; pair; couple
material (for a story, article, etc.); information; joke; jest; proof; evidence; (magician's) trick
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
manzai; comic dialogue; two-person comedy act (usu. presented as a fast-paced dialogue, occ. presented as a skit)
what the hell?; what are you going on about?; what the hell are you doing?; you've got to be kidding
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
gear; speed (e.g. 4-speed transmission)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof