indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
how; in what way; how about
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen