indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
god of death; death deity; Death
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
adds force or indicates command
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling