indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
adds force or indicates command
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring