indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
suffix for familiar person
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
nursery school; day nursery; preschool
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
bye-bye; good-bye; see you; saying goodbye; parting
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
sweat; perspiration; moisture; condensation; gulp; oops
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
understood; I see; OK; present; here
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn