indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
existence; being; presence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
around the world; throughout the world
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
official announcement; proclamation
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
spaghetti aglio, olio e peperoncino; spaghetti aglio e olio; spaghetti with garlic, olive oil, and dried red chili flakes; capsicum; chili pepper; cayenne
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
hurriedly; in a hurry; hastily; sudden; abrupt
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
laboratory; seminar room; professor's office
(personnel) change; transfer; relocation; reassignment; reshuffle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
numerical value; figure; result; reading (on a meter, etc.)
plus; addition; positive (number); plus sign; positive symbol; advantage; plus
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?