to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside one's heart; in one's mind
to slide; to slip off; to get dislocated; to drag; to pull
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
work-in-progress; working state
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
(act of) encouragement; stimulus; incentive
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
washing; laundry; relaxing; taking a break
consequence; outcome; result; blame