indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
water's edge; beach; shore
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband); older stepbrother
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity