indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
perfectly; right on the mark; spot on; enough; sufficiently; thoroughly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
adds force or indicates command
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
rest; break; recess; intermission
how; in what way; how about; questionable
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
warm; mild; considerate; kind; warm (of a colour); mellow
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question