indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
lovely; wonderful; charming; enchanting; nice; great
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
memories; recollections; reminiscence
to climb over; to get over; to overcome (a difficulty, obstacle, etc.); to surmount; to surpass (a predecessor); to overtake
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly
goodbye; so long; saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; farewell (performance, party, etc.); final
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
tension; strain; tensions (between countries, groups, etc.); tonus; muscle tone
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
if; when; when it comes to ...; as for ...; why don't you ...; why not ...
mischief; prank; mischievous; naughty; pastime; hobby
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how; in what way; how about
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)