iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
spaghetti aglio, olio e peperoncino; spaghetti aglio e olio; spaghetti with garlic, olive oil, and dried red chili flakes; capsicum; chili pepper; cayenne
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
upper stream; upper course; upstream; upper classes
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
resentment; grudge; malice; matter for regret; regret
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
I see; that's right; indeed
according to (one's) calculations; for the purpose of calculation
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to shake off; to shake free from; to swing completely (bat, club, etc.); to take a full swing; to break off from (pursuer); to pull away
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid