indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
dragon god; dragon king; naga
seed stock; seed grain; foundation seed; pure breed; original strain; ancestor
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
dragon god; dragon king; naga
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
adds force or indicates command
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
how; in what way; how about