indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
school rules; school regulations
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
primary school; elementary school; grade school
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
article (in document); provision; stripe; streak; although; though
common gull (Larus canus); mew gull; gull (Laridae spp.); seagull
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
provision of lunch (e.g. at office, school, etc.); providing a meal; lunch service
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
aaah!; oooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
troops; group members; team members