indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
than; from; out of; except; but; more
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
aaah!; oooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
konnyaku (Amorphophallus konjac); konjac; devil's tongue; konnyaku jelly; konjac jelly; devil's tongue jelly
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...