ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to name; to call; to christen; to term
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(in) secrecy; behind closed doors
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
space development; space exploration
public corporation; public housing
by means of; due to; because of; according to
place; point; part; counter for places, parts, passages, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to touch; to come in contact with; to receive (e.g. visitor); to attend to; to receive (news); to get; to encounter
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
messenger; envoy; emissary
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
in spite of; despite; although; nonetheless; nevertheless; but
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
stoppage; coming to a stop; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); suspension (of payment, a licence, etc.); (temporary) prohibition
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
contact; touch; contact lens
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to respond; to answer; to accept (an invitation, offer, etc.); to comply with (a request, etc.); to suit; to match
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
block (solid piece of material); chunk (e.g. of meat); concrete block; (interlocking) toy blocks; (printing) block; block (area of a city); blocking (e.g. the way)
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
function; facility; faculty; feature