ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to name; to call; to christen; to term
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind closed doors; behind-the-scenes; (under the veil of) secrecy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
space development; space exploration
public corporation; public housing
by means of; due to; because of; according to
place; point; part; counter for places, parts, passages, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to touch; to come in contact with; to receive (e.g. visitor); to attend to; to receive (news); to get; to encounter
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
messenger; envoy; emissary
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
stoppage; coming to a stop; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); suspension (of payment, licence, etc.); (temporary) prohibition
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to respond; to satisfy; to accept; to comply with; to apply for
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing; block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.); block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape); concrete block; blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
function; facility; faculty; feature