yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
aaah!; oooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
cave; hollow; cavity; hollow
very interesting; of great interest
sample; example; specimen; display model (e.g. plastic food models used by restaurants)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
collecting; accumulating; collection (of art, stamps, insects, etc.); garbage collection; waste collection
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
material; substance; matter
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
analysis; analytical study; parsing; parse
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to intimidate; to frighten; to scare; to threaten (e.g. peace); to jeopardize; to endanger
live coals (for firelighting); cause (of disturbance, conflict, etc.); trigger
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
use; utilization; utilisation; application
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
-ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...