contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
armed forces; military; (common) soldier; rank-and-file soldier; underling; ordinary employee
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
patriarch; head of a family
crowd of people; great number of people; in great numbers
to gather; to collect; to assemble
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
how; in what way; how about
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
the other day; a few days ago
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Your Highness; His Highness; Her Highness