indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
adds force or indicates command
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honorific/polite/humble prefix
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
crown; diadem; bottle cap
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to be called; to do
Cnut the Great (ca 996-1035.11.12); Canute; Knute
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?