today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fine weather; fair weather
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
poems collected at the behest of the Emperor (from 905 to 1439); Imperial collection of poetry
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
retired emperor; ex-emperor; former emperor; emperor emeritus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
waka; classic Japanese poem, esp. a tanka, often 31 morae
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
Kokin Wakashū (Heian period collection of poetry)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
participation; joining; entry; adherence
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
imperially-commissioned poetry anthology
pioneer; leader; taking the initiative; leading an attack; charging ahead of others (towards the enemy)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
election; selection; choice
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to