indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
adds force or indicates command
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(field) marshal; (fleet) admiral; general of the army
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
maillot (material); jersey
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
supreme ruler; generalissimo; president (of Taiwan); führer; fuehrer
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
fort; stronghold; fortification
captain (Army, U.S. Marine Corps, USAF); lieutenant (Navy); flight lieutenant (RAF, RAAF, RNZAF, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)