indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
after this; henceforth; henceforward; from now on
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
loss; damage; harm; disadvantage; handicap; drawback
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
extremely; terrifically; super
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be possessed by an evil spirit; to be tempted; to give in to an urge; to succumb to temptation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pupil; student; schoolchild
diamond; (railway) schedule; timetable; diagram
(raw) ore; unpolished gemstone
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see through; to see into (someone's heart, mind, etc.); to perceive; to find out; to detect
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
radio wave; reception; signal; saying strange things
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence