indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
mark; target; object; subject; point (e.g. of argument)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
existence; possession; having; limited company
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
adds force or indicates command