ten-day period (in a month); ten-year period (in one's age); decade
suffix appended to somebody else's family members
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
relatively; comparatively
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
as expected; predictably; not surprisingly
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
feeling; sense; impression
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
disadvantage; handicap; unfavorable position
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...