at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to take home; to carry home; to bring back home; to take out (e.g. food)
old enemy; longtime enemy; arch-enemy; traditional rival; longstanding foe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to put an end (to); to close the books (on)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to give one's life; to lay down one's life
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
military personnel; soldier
pride; boast; credit (to)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
channel (e.g. between two land masses); strait
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
desperate; frantic; excited; worked up; heated; eager
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed