indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
silver medal; silver badge
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
white stone; white (go pieces)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
profit; advantage; benefit; rebirth in paradise, entering nirvana
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
course (of events); development; progress; market order; order without limit
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
having no choice; at a loss for what to do; at one's wits' end
to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize
to show up; to appear; to turn up
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
real intention; motive; true opinion; what one really thinks
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
story; tale; talk; discussion
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...