indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
adds force or indicates command
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
honorific/polite/humble prefix
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
(an) exile; vagrant; wanderer; nomad
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang); provincial office (under the ritsuryo system); provincial capital
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
each; (arch.) you (plural)
ray (any fish of superorder Batoidea)
Tsushima (former province located on Tsushima Island in present-day Nagasaki Prefecture); Tsushima (island)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...