poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
tail (animal, kite, comet, etc.); tail end; slope at the foot of a mountain
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
staying up late; keeping late hours; sitting up late at night; nighthawk
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rise; to erect; to get up
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to intimidate; to frighten; to scare; to threaten (e.g. peace); to jeopardize; to endanger
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
epidemic; plague; pestilence
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
spring water; clear (pure) water
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
nth year in the Shōwa era (1926.12.25-1989.1.7)
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell