jpdb beta

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

11

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

11

no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not

3

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

28

to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come

4

in that way; thus; so; so?

2

far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far

2

to; towards; for

5

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

59

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

5

be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)

1

Muroi

8

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

10

to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need

3

southeast

3

yikes; oops; eep; wow

2

ah; oh; hey!

9

oh; yes; huh?; hm?

3

aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!

2

disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant

3

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

13

this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately

1

it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...

1

village

15

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

36

to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to

3

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

20

city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly

3

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

59

showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay

1

(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances

1

to obtain; to procure

1

road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)

1

to be closed; to be blocked; to be clogged; to be plugged up; to be occupied; to be taken (e.g. accommodation)

1

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

4

as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much

1

national highway

4

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

34

method; process; manner; way; means; technique

1

to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen

3

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

7

(pet) owner; keeper

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

32

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

9

Kirishiki

1

that; those; the

6

three; 3

1

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

1

bridge

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

13