indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
saying "Ah!"; making one say "Ah!"; surprisingly; astonishingly
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
originally; by nature; from the start
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in that way; thus; so; so?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
major cleanup; spring cleaning
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
bag; sack; skin of an orange (and other like fruits); dead end; plot of land surrounded by water
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
tatami mat; Japanese straw floor coverings
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows