well then ...; in that situation; in which case
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Kanto region (incl. Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures)
weather; the elements; fair weather; fine weather
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
low (atmospheric) pressure; low-pressure system; depression; bad temper; foul mood; tense situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
deadline; closing; cofferdam; closed (door, window, etc.)
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's