same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryō system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the trouble is that ...; the problem is that ...; unfortunately; annoyingly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to pick up; to gather; to find (and pick up; something someone has dropped); to select; to choose; to get (unexpectedly); to hit upon (luck, an opportunity, etc.)
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
glass (drinking vessel); glass (material); glasses (eyewear)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to collect; to assemble; to gather
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to express (orally); to put into words; to say out loud
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
all you have to do is; just; that's all
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
why; how; for what reason
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)