this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
sick; ill; ailing; (arch.) to hurt; (arch.) to ache
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
chores; odd jobs; miscellaneous affairs; miscellaneous expenses
to press against; to push against; to force against; to foist on (task, responsibility); to impose (one's will)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
squirrel (any mammal of family Sciuridae); Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
thorn; spine; splinter (esp. lodged in one's flesh); hard sharp item (esp. lodged in one's throat, e.g. fish bone); biting words
to break; to be broken; to be folded; to give in; to back down; to turn (a corner)
strongly; violently; quickly; suddenly
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
to show up; to appear; to turn up
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to take care; to mind; to be attentive
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of