whistle (sound made with the lips)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hurt one's feelings; to rub someone the wrong way
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
long thin brown "naoko" mushroom
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")