year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
invention; intelligent; clever; (arch.) making sense (of something); (arch.) understanding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
danger; peril; hazard; risk
toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
sale; offering for sale; release (for sale); launch (product)
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
small; small-sized; small-scale; miniature
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
again; once more; a second time
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
around the world; throughout the world
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
abuse; misuse; perversion
plot; intrigue; scheme; conspiracy; agreement between two or more people to commit an unlawful act
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
(some) more; even more; longer; further
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience