beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
of course; certainly; naturally
two persons; two people; pair; couple
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
name; given name; first name
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
suffix for familiar person
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
don't you think?; indicates question
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
all; altogether; entirely; exactly like; just like; spitting image of
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
until now; so far; up to the present
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to see through; to see into (someone's heart, mind, etc.); to perceive; to find out; to detect
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do