indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
host (of a party, summit, etc.); host (of male host club)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
(arch.) bracelet (made of stringed jewels or bells and worn at the elbow); bracer (for the elbow of an archer)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
orchid; Netherlands; Holland
honorific/polite/humble prefix
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
adds force or indicates command
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish