light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
summer vacation; summer holiday
third day of the month; three days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
melodic incoming call tones (esp. mobile telephones); ringtone; ring tone
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
abduction; kidnapping; kidnaping
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
police; police officer; police station
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
depending on the situation; should time and circumstances permit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
sailing; marching; going out; dispatch
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest