very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
rangaku; study of Western knowledge through the Dutch language during the Edo period
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
complaint; protest; objection; one's say; what one has to say; claim
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
taking an examination (esp. for entrance to a school or university)
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
after (a long process); at the end of; last line (of a renga)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
admission (to a school or university); entrance; enrolment; enrollment; matriculation
procedure; process; proceedings; formalities
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
all; entire; whole; altogether
by myself; in person; by oneself
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
story; tale; talk; discussion
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
in the meanwhile; during the time