indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
honorific/polite/humble prefix
older brother; elder brother
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
extermination (e.g. of pests, demons, bandits); elimination; making someone renounce worldly desires in order to concentrate on Buddha's teachings; curing illness
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
welcome!; nice to see you!
lost child; lost person; stray child; missing child
suffix for familiar person
door; gate; opening; title page
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
police; police officer; police station
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
hey there; I say; see here
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
(swimming) pool; pool (billiards); pool (together)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity