indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
father; dad; husband; you; he
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
adds force or indicates command
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
unpleasant; disagreeable; nasty; lewd; lascivious; obscene
ramune; type of lemon soda sold in a Codd-neck bottle; compressed tablet candy
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work