indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
please; somehow or other; one way or another
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
tradition; legend; folklore
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
phrase (verse, line); one haiku-poem
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
single word; a few words; brief comment
full charge (battery, condensor)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
loveable; very likeable; like very much
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
twist; spin; ingenuity; sophistication (e.g. of writing style); wrapped offering (of money); twisting throw
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)