indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial