that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
really; truly; indeed; good grief
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
(water-filled) paddy field
to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die; to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
cool summer; cold summer; cooler-than-normal summer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage